The Learning Zone Model
https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/learning-zone-model.htm

Use these zones to craft a character arc. Complicate the comflict throuqhout the story to move them through each zone.

For each conflict in the story:

Where is the characater's Comfort Zone? What do they feel comfortable doing when faced with this confilct?

Where is the character's Learning Zone? What about the situation makes them able to handle the situation and learn from it?

Where is the character's Panic Zone? What about the situation will cause them to run and hide from the conflict?